Abnormal uterine bleeding can significantly affect a woman’s overall well-being, and it requires expert clinical management to address effectively. There has been significant development in modern management but the need for highly skilled healthcare professionals remains.

Population screening programmes have successfully reduced the incidence of cervical cancer through the use of cervical smears and HPV testing. As a result, an increasing number of women require further investigation through colposcopy to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Urinary incontinence is a distressing symptom commonly experienced by women, necessitating careful investigation and tailored medical or surgical management to address the underlying causes effectively.